In situ organic biosignature detection techniques for space applications

The search for life in Solar System bodies such as Mars and Ocean Worlds (e.g., Europa Enceladus) is an ongoing high-priority endeavor space science, even ∼ five decades after the first detection mission at performed by twin Viking landers. However, situ of biosignatures remains highly challenging, both scientifically technically. New instruments are being developed detecting extinct or extant on due to new technology fabrication techniques. These becoming increasingly capable identifying organic that indicative will play a pivotal role evidence through robotic lander missions. This review article gives overview techniques used missions (gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, spectroscopy), further developments these techniques, ion mobility spectrometry. In addition, current next-generation biosignature reviewed; include capillary electrophoresis, liquid biosensors (primarily immunoassays), nanopore sensing; whereas microscopy, biological assays, isotope analysis beyond scope this paper not covered.